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Dear Geologists and friends of
landscape forms!
Here is the place to be!
The landscape is formed by volcanism of the last 20 million years. The park consists of three geological units: the Central Depression of Kamchatka, the central mountains and the westkamchatical
depression. The different development and the different ages guarantee different rock formations, compositions of minerals and surface forms.
Esso is situated in the Central Mountains, which have
a length of 900 km an a breadth of 60 to 120 km. In the Bystrinsky part of these mountains 120 volcanoes of different types
are located. The highest of them is the Itchinsky volcano with 3621m.
Morover more than 1000 slegcones which have a height of 150 to 350m and have a similar development as the volcanoes
are spread all over the Bystrinsky Nature Park.
The periodical eruptions brought new material to the surface, liquid or pliable. On the one hand this formed craters, on the other hand it formed an even plateau, which is, in cause of its relief, very beautiful. At many places, magma broke through the plateau and build new
craters and slegcones. Standing on the plateau you can see all volcanoes of the region around you.
Another attraction are the hot springs, which are spread over the whole territory of the Bystrinsky Nature park. They contain high concentrations of elements like calcium, iron, silver, chlor, potassium … . To take a bath in this springs is
very healthy!
In and around Esso you find many hot springs. The hot water is
also used for heating the houses in Esso and guarantee a warm flat
even through the coldest winters.
If you want to become acquainted with that fantastic vulcanic landscape, come to our office and we will help you, according to your demands (mountaineer, family excursion, student groups…).
For those of you who want to have a first knack of the world of volcanoes, we recommend you to visit our
trail to the white rocks, at which you will find rocks of tuff, high slegcones and a big diversity of minerals.
In the Bystrinsky Nature Park you can perfectly study the
soil of the boreal zone and, of course, the soil of the tundra. Lots of geomorphologic conditions and vegetation unities end in different chemical processes, which divert the soil development in regional differing directions.
Most of the soil
is podzol especially
in larch forests. You can identify them through the Ericaceae like blue berries and cranberries. Gleyic soils
are also quite frequent where permafrost and rocks are blocking the rain water
of getting in deeper layers. Brown soils are often
found in birch forests. In higher regions you have soils without any layers or only week humic layers. That is caused by
different dynamic
processes and the continual changing substrate. The most soils are frozen in a depth from about 50 cm on
(depending on the distance to the next river).
A particularity is the
substrate composition. Not only material from erosion and weathering, but also volcanic ashes enrich the
soil chemically. Sometimes 4
cm of ash are found within the first meter. Under most layers you can identify a buried humic and cambic horizon, which are conserved there.
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